The Southeast's longleaf pine savannas, Appalachian coves, and Coastal Plain wetlands harbor more plant species than almost anywhere else in North America. Native oaks, cherries, and willows provide the same keystone function here as in the North — but a richer understory layer adds milkweed, pawpaw, and spicebush to the food web.
States: NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, TN, KY
Ranked by caterpillar species supported (NWF / Tallamy data)
| Genus | Common name | Caterpillar spp. |
|---|---|---|
| Quercus | Oak | 436 |
| Prunus | Wild cherry / plum | 340 |
| Salix | Willow | 289 |
| Pinus | Longleaf / loblolly pine | 200 |
Ranked by pollen specialist bee species supported (Fowler data)
| Genus | Common name | Specialist bees |
|---|---|---|
| Solidago | Goldenrod | 42 |
| Symphyotrichum | Aster | 33 |
| Helianthus | Native sunflower | 50 |
4 plants listed
Data source: Keystone plant rankings based on NWF Keystone Plants by Ecoregion and Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire (2020), Nature Communications. Specialist bee data from Fowler (2016), USDA Forest Service.
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Quercus rubra